Distal biceps injury
Biceps tendinitis / biceps tendinosis / biceps rupture
A distal biceps injury is characterized by pain in the crook of the elbow or above, along the front of the upper arm. It is an injury affecting the lower part of the biceps muscle and tendon.
A distal biceps injury differs from the proximal biceps injury, located higher up the arm.
Description of condition
There are three forms of distal biceps injury: biceps tendinitis, biceps tendinosis and biceps rupture.
With biceps tendinitis, the biceps tendon is inflamed. This is often confused with biceps tendinosis, which does not involve inflammation but is due to degeneration of the tendon (decreased quality).
In severe cases, a rupture of the biceps tendon can occur. The biceps tendon separates from the attachment to the bone.
Cause and history
The symptoms occur as a result of overuse. For example, forceful or repeated flexing of the elbow, or rotating the wrist with the palm of the hand facing upward (as is the case when using a screw driver).
Signs & symptoms
The symptoms are characterized by pain in the crook of the elbow when bending the elbow (flexing) and rotating the hand palm upward (supination) against resistance.
A rupture occurs when exerting force. A clear snapping sound or sensation is observed, followed by the elbow suddenly being unable to bend strongly.
Diagnosis
A diagnosis is made on the basis of the patient's story about the origin of the condition, where the pain is located, and what limitations there are. In addition, during the physical examination you may see a reduction in strength and a hematoma or lump may be seen in the upper arm. An ultrasound can be used to determine whether there is a (partial) rupture of the tendon or whether there is biceps tendinopathy.
Treatment
In many cases, relative rest and physiotherapy are enough to alleviate the symptoms. Surgical reattachment is required if a biceps tendon rupture occurs.
Exercises
You can check your symptoms using the online physiotherapy check or make an appointment with a physiotherapy practice in your locality.
